As Iran grapples with yet another internet shutdown, now spanning 45 days, concerns are escalating over the economic impact and accusations of hypocrisy leveled against government officials. While authorities cite security measures as the rationale behind the restrictions, critics point to the widespread use of the internet by those in power, even as ordinary citizens and businesses face crippling limitations.
The repeated implementation of internet blackouts in Iran has become a contentious issue, affecting various aspects of daily life and business operations. Small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular, are feeling the strain as they struggle to conduct online transactions, communicate with customers, and maintain their online presence. The impact is felt across multiple sectors, including retail, tourism, and technology, hindering Iran’s economic diversification efforts.
The current shutdown, similar to previous instances, involves disruptions to both mobile and fixed-line internet services, as well as restrictions to popular social media platforms. These measures severely limit access to information, stifle dissent, and create obstacles for journalists and human rights activists. While the government asserts that such measures are necessary to maintain order and prevent the spread of misinformation, critics argue that they are primarily aimed at suppressing opposition and limiting freedom of expression.
Reports suggest that the government’s filtering policies extend beyond merely blocking access to certain websites. There are concerns about censorship and surveillance, with the authorities allegedly monitoring online activity and targeting individuals based on their online behavior. Such practices have created a chilling effect, discouraging open dialogue and limiting the ability of civil society to function effectively.
Adding to the controversy, there are claims that government officials and their families continue to enjoy unrestricted access to the internet, even as the general public suffers from the imposed limitations. This disparity has fueled accusations of hypocrisy, with critics arguing that the government is prioritizing its own interests while undermining the rights and economic well-being of its citizens. Calls for greater transparency and accountability are growing, with many demanding that the government lift the restrictions and allow for open and uncensored access to the internet.
The use of VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) and other circumvention tools has increased significantly as individuals seek to bypass the government’s filtering policies. However, the government has also taken steps to block access to these tools, making it increasingly difficult for people to circumvent the restrictions. This cat-and-mouse game between the government and internet users has become a defining feature of Iran’s digital landscape.
The economic consequences of internet shutdowns in Iran are significant. Studies have shown that such disruptions can lead to a decline in economic activity, a decrease in foreign investment, and a loss of jobs. The impact is particularly pronounced on small and medium-sized enterprises, which rely heavily on the internet for their operations. The inability to access vital online services can disrupt supply chains, delay payments, and prevent businesses from reaching their customers. These economic challenges are further exacerbated by the current economic situation in Iran, which is already facing numerous challenges due to international sanctions and internal economic mismanagement.
The political effects are closely linked to the economic consequences. As the economy struggles, the population’s discontent may increase, and the legitimacy of the government decrease. The government’s narrative is undermined as the population sees how the ruling powers use and abuse the power over the internet. Without the ability for counter-narratives, the government’s position is not as strong as they might expect.
The internet shutdowns have also drawn condemnation from international organizations and human rights groups, who have raised concerns about the violation of freedom of expression and the right to access information. These organizations have called on the Iranian government to uphold its international obligations and ensure that its citizens have access to a free and open internet.
Neighboring India, home to a large number of Iranian expats, has various communities protesting the Iranian government’s policy. While the Indian government has maintained a neutral position officially, the impact on its own internet regulations is being watched closely. The frequent internet shutdowns in J&K have resulted in a vibrant advocacy scene, with various groups highlighting the effect on daily life and the economy.
Earlier instances of internet shutdowns in Iran have coincided with periods of political unrest and protests. These shutdowns have been used as a tool to control the flow of information, suppress dissent, and prevent protesters from organizing. While the government maintains that these measures are necessary to maintain order, critics argue that they are a violation of fundamental rights and further erode public trust in the government.
Some reports suggest the Iranian government is building an alternative intranet, in the style of China, to create a walled-off ecosystem to control and surveil the online presence of its citizens.
Tahir Rihat (also known as Tahir Bilal) is an independent journalist, activist, and digital media professional from the Chenab Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He is best known for his work as the Online Editor at The Chenab Times.
